Izakhiwo amafayela umbhalo kanye nezinhlelo ukubhekana nazo: Umlando kanye Namuhla

Wonke umsebenzisi khompyutha njalo sibhekene tinhlobo letehlukene amafayela umbhalo, kodwa mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi sicabange ukuthi singazibona kanjani umlando ocebile nalezi zakhiwo kanye nezinhlelo ukuthi ukunikeza abantu ithuba ukufunda incwadi, ukusebenza ngombhalo futhi udale yonke imibhalo edingekayo ngqo ikhompyutha.

umbhalo amafayela Umlando akuzona omncane kakhulu kunawe ngokwabo computer - kuyinto le program lokuqala yobuciko zabo zazilotshwe analogue wanamuhla "incwajana". Ngakho iziphi nezakhiwo amafayela umbhalo kanye nezinhlelo ukusebenza nabo? Okokuqala udinga ukuthi yini okudingekayo amafayela umbhalo, noma yimuphi umehluko phakathi kwabo nokuthi yini enifana ngazo. Ihlanganisa konke umbhalo Luhlela umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko - ukulondoloza ulwazi umbhalo. Ahluke processing amakhono kanye ukufomatha umbhalo, kanye nokufinyelela ulwazi olugcinwe kwi-amafayela ngokuya ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlelo.

Umbhalo format elula ngokwesiko ifomethi TXT. Muhle umuntu onesizotha kakhulu amathuba kanye endala umbhalo format. Ngenxa alula (kungenzeka TXT wanciphisa setha yombhalo wasihlephula ku izigaba), lesi sakhiwo ngokuvamile esetshenziswa lenqwaba zokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene amapulatifomu.

Nge ekwandeni-computer abantu ngabanye ukwandisa yokuthengisa zabo, i-Microsoft yakha enye ifomethi ethandwa ngokuthi Rich Text Format (noma nje RTF). Kuyinto lombhalo eziphawuleka "amazwi ukulawula" ezithile, okuvumela hhayi kuphela ukukhiqiza kodwa kuyogcina eyinkimbinkimbi ukufomatha nokunamathisela ifomula umbhalo, amatafula, izithombe, izihloko, wasezansi, futhi imibhalo yaphansi.

Nokho, RTF kuyinto ngempela wawungaphansi format amakhono DOC, njengoba owadalwa Microsoft ngqo software iphakethe ngokuthi i-Microsoft Office. Umi engaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu edlule DOC kuhlanganisa lenqwaba amathuba ukufomatha futhi elithi processing, ukudala, kuhlela bunjalo bembhalo kanye nokubekwa izithombe, amashadi, amatafula, nezinye izakhi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ilungile kakhulu lezi zici izosebenza kuphela MS Word. Lokhu kungenxa ngokuyinhloko yokuthi Microsoft akulona njengamanje DOC format Ukucaciswa ayinikezi ukuze izimbangi zayo futhi konjiniyela abazimele ukubophela amandla lesi sakhiwo ngokugcwele. Leli qiniso elilodwa sezizathu ezinkulu ukuthi ngaphezu DOC format kulezizinsuku kabanzi nezinye izakhiwo ifayela umbhalo.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi DOC format kumbhalo Luhlela RTF futhi TXT kuyinto yimvelo kanambambili, ngoba lapho kubonakala khona belingafundeki e enjalo elula abahleli umbhalo ofana Wordpad, Lexicon, i-Atlantis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo, kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ukungavumelani DOC-amafayela wadala ezinguqulweni ezihlukahlukene MS Word.

ngamafomethi Umbhalo lingavuleka ukuhlelwa nenamba enkulu izinhlelo. Ngaphezu kushiwo ngaphambili MS Word, esikhulunywa abantu abaningi lawa StarOffice, olutholakala-Sun Microsystems, WordPerfect kusukela Corel futhi khulula OpenOffice.org suite.

Nge ekwandeni zobuchwepheshe, e-abafundi kuyanda nezinye izakhiwo ifayela umbhalo, isibonelo, FB2 futhi LRF.

Ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene umbhalo nezakhiwo ezisekelweni ezahlukene, wadala inani elikhulu izinhlelo, ngokuthi converters. Converters zikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ikhodi amafayela lomthombo kusukela komunye format kwesinye futhi ukuyisebenzisa esikhathini esizayo ukuze ezihlukahlukene Amadivayisi kanye ezisekelweni.

Converters azisetshenziselwa ukulondoloza umbhalo kusukela komunye format kwesinye, kodwa futhi ukudala amafayela, ngokungafani kuya umthombo wabo, ingasetshenziswa kumadivayisi ukuthi abakwazi "funda" amafayela yasekuqaleni. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye e-izincwadi ukuthi Asisekeli ifomethi ethandwa amafayela umbhalo, kalula aqaphele LRF noma FB2 ifomethi ethathwe amafayela umthombo usebenzisa converters isofthiwe.