ISonto LamaRoma Katolika: umlando, incazelo, inhloko yabangamashumi ongcwele

Mhlawumbe elinye lamasonto ngobukhulu lobuKristu neSonto LamaRoma Katolika. It diverged kusukela isiqondiso jikelele ubuKristu ngisho namakhulu eminyaka okuqala, ezikude lapho ivela khona. Igama elithi "iSonto" lisuselwe kwelesiLatini elithi "jikelele" noma "jikelele". Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana umsuka isonto, kanye nezici zayo sixoxa kulesi sihloko.

umsuka

History of the LamaRoma Katolika iqala 1054, ngesikhathi kwenzeka lesi sehlakalo, awasalayo zemihla ngokuthi "koqhekeko olukhulu". Nakuba amaKatolika musa ukuphika ukuthi zonke izenzakalo ngaphambi uqhekeko - nomlando wabo. Vele kusukela ngaleso sikhathi bahamba siqu. Ngalowo nyaka Umbhishobhi kanye uPapa benana izincwadi ezinezinsongo futhi badumale nezinye kwakuzondeka ngamunye. Ngemva kwalokho ubuKristu wagcina uhlukaniswe futhi kwakhiwa imisinga ezimbili - orthodox yamaKatolika.

Ngenxa yalokho ukuhlukana esonto lobuKristu wama phandle Western (Catholic) isiqondiso, elaliyisikhungo waseRoma, futhi Eastern (Orthodox), igxile eConstantinople. Yiqiniso, kwesizathu salokhu izenzakalo ayengaboni ngaso linye ezindabeni ukugomela futhi iyingxenye yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli, kanye eyimidanti kwezigwegwe, okuyinto baqala esikhathini eside ngaphambi kwalolo suku. Futhi kulo nyaka, ukungavumelani nokungaqondi kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba.

Nokho, empeleni kwaba ijule ngokungaphezulu, futhi awuzange nje ukwahluka nezimfundiso futhi canons, kodwa futhi le ngxabano evamile esiphakathi kwababusi (ngisho isonto) mayelana umhlaba owayesanda kubhapathizwa njengoFakazi. Futhi phezu nokuphikiswa kakhulu kakhulu kuthonywa isikhundla ngokungalingani upapa umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople, ngenxa division okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma, kwathiwa bahlukana baba izigaba ezimbili - eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga.

Esempumalanga kuyinto isikhathi eside baqhubeke bezimele yabo, ngakho Umbhishobhi, nakuba yayingaphansi kokulawula kombusi, kodwa kwadingeka Ukuvikelwa lapho sibhekene nesimo. West futhi ababange besaba khona kakade ekhulwini V, uPapa wathola ngezinga uzibuse, kodwa kusho nethuba lokuthola ukuhlasela uthi ngowezizwe ukuthi iphuma wangaphambili Western wonke uMbuso WaseRoma. Kuphela phakathi nekhulu VIII, uPapa ethulwa ezweni, okuyinto ngokuzenzakalelayo kwenza kube lelitimele wokuziphilisa.

Ukubhebhetheka zamanje YobuKatolika

Kuze kube manje, ubuKatolika - iyona amagatsha ahlukahlukene kakhulu zobuKristu, ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke. Ukuze onyakeni 2007 eplanethini yethu, kukhona babengamaKatolika yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 1.147. Inani elikhulu kunawo wonke kulo bayizinkulungwane e-Europe, lapho emazweni amaningi le nkolo yisimo noma siyinqobile abanye (eFrance, eSpain, e-Italy, Belgium, Austria, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Poland, kanye nabanye.).

Ezweni elithile laseMelika, amaKatolika ukusakaza yonke indawo. Njengoba abalandeli bale nkolo zingatholakala kuleli zwekazi Asian - ePhilippines, i-East Timor, China, South Korea, eVietnam. Emazweni Muslim, amaKatolika amaningi kakhulu, kodwa iningi labo bahlala Lebanon. Futhi ezivamile ezwekazini lase-Afrika (lisuka ezigidini ezingu-110 175).

Yangaphakathi ukuphathwa iyunithi iBandla

Manje kubalulekile ukucabangela lokho kuyinto iyunithi nezokuphatha isiqondiso ubuKristu. UPapa ESonto LamaRoma iSonto LamaKatolika - kuyinto egunyeni eliphakeme kunawo wonke esigaba sabefundisi, abantu kanye yomthetho phezu kwabantu abavamile kanye nabefundisi. Abakhethiwe inhloko iSonto LamaRoma Katolika kuleli conclave eKolishi Cardinals. Ngokuvamile, azigcina amandla ayo kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, ngaphandle esisemthethweni kutidzela. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iSonto efundisa uPapa kubhekwa nesamukeli uPetru (futhi, ekupheni UJesu wayala ukuba zinakekele ibandla lonke), ngakho amandla aso nesihlalo izinqumo abawenzi amaphutha futhi kuyiqiniso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo yesonto has izikhundla ezilandelayo:

• Bishop, umpristi, igosa - ngezinga yobupristi.
• Cardinal, kusho u-Archbishop, Primate, Metropolitan, njll - degrees zenkolo izikhundla (kunabaningi).

amayunithi Wendawo yobuKatolika ezilandelayo:

• amasonto ngamunye ngokuthi eparchies, noma dioceses. Bishop owengamelayo lapha.
• Diocese Special ukubaluleka, ngokuthi Archdiocese. Njengoba siholwa-Archbishop yabo.
• Labo amasonto ezingenakho isimo bhishobhi (nganoma yisiphi isizathu), ngokuthi bentando yabaphostoli.
• dioceses eziningana akuhlanganisileyo abizwa ngokuthi Metropolitan. isikhungo wabo bhishobhi, umbhishobhi onesifo elisezingeni Metropolitan.
• Ezifundeni - kuyisisekelo zonke emabandleni onke. Basuke zimiswe ngaphakathi endaweni eyodwa (isib, idolobha elincane) noma ngenxa ubuzwe jikelele, ukungefani kwezilimi.

Ekhona emikhosini isonto

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iSonto LamaRoma Katolika has umehluko e imicikilisho ngesikhathi isevisi (kodwa kusekuningi ubunye okholweni nokuziphatha). Imicikilisho elandelayo ethandwa:

• Latin;
• Lyon;
• Ambrose;
• Mozarabic, njll

umehluko Kungenzeka ukuthi eyabo kwezinye anezindaba zokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe, ngolimi lapho ukufunda umsebenzi, njll

Ama-oda Izigodlo njengengxenye isonto

Ngenxa incazelo ebanzi izimiso iSonto nezimfundiso saphezulu LamaRoma Katolika has oda zenkolo cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amane Ukwakheka kwabo. Umlando wabo, aziyi a endulo kuze. Sibala owaziwa kakhulu Order:

• Augustinians. Umlando walo iqala emhlabeni ekhulwini V ne ukulotshwa yisimiso lahlangana eSt Augustine. kumiswa eqondile Order okwenzeka ngemva kwesikhathi eside kakhulu.
• Benedictines. Kuyinto elimisiwe oda lokuqala Izigodlo. Lo mcimbi senzeka ngesikhathi esithile ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu VI.
• Hospitallers. Knightly oda, okwaqala ngokubekwa lo 1080 endaweni Benedictine indela UGérard. Oda sezenkolo we-sisekelo avele kuphela 1099.
• Dominicans. ukuze Mendicant, ngubani wasungula Dominic de Guzman ngo-1215. Injongo indalo yakhe - umzabalazo wokulwa izimfundiso zezihlubuki.
• AmaJesuit. Lokhu kuthambekela yasungulwa ngo-1540 uPapa Paul III. Umgomo wakhe baba prosaic: ekulweni ukunyakaza ekhulayo amaProtestani.
• Capuchins. Lo myalo yasungulwa ngo-Italy e 1529. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko kuyafana - emzabalazweni kanye eNkathini Yezinguquko.
• Carthusians. Isigodlo lokuqala Order lakhiwa 1084, kodwa ayamukelayo kuphela 1176-m.
• Templars. Ama-oda Military, mhlawumbe owaziwa kakhulu futhi izulu nezimfihlakalo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ngemva kokudalwa baba zempi ezingaphezu kuka- le Izigodlo. Injongo yokuqala yayinjalo ukuvikela pilgrims amaKristu amaSulumane eJerusalema.
• Teutons. Enye ukuze samasosha Izigodlo ngubani wasungula kwamabutho ezimpi zokholo German e 1128.
• I Franciscans. UNongorwana yadalwa eminyakeni 1207-1209, kodwa sivunyiwe kuphela 1223-m.

Ngaphezu oda eSontweni LamaKatolika kukhona Uniates okuthiwa - lawomakholwa ngigcinile yokukhulekela zazo zendabuko, kodwa kwathatha enkolweni yamaKatolika, kanye igunya likapapa. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• AmaKatolika Armenia;
• Redemptorists;
• Belarusian Greek Catholic Church;
• Romanian isiGreki Catholic Church;
• Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia iSonto LamaKatolika;
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

abangcwele isonto

Ngezansi sizobheka ukuthi are saints edume kakhulu iSonto LamaRoma Katolika:

• St ioann Bogoslov.
• Saint. Stefan Pervomuchenik.
• St Karl Borromeo.
• St Faustina Kowalska.
• St Jerome.
• St Grigoriy Veliky.
• St Bernard.
• Lahlangana eSt Augustine.

Ngokungafani iSonto LamaKatolika kusukela Orthodox

Manje, ngalokho Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia futhi ibandla eliRoma Katolika ihluke nomunye e nothayi banamuhla:

• Ukuze ubunye eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox sika - ukholo kanye amasakramente ngamaKatolika lapha kunezelwa ukungabi naphutha Pope bangasephula amandla.
• Ukuze Orthodox iSonto LamaKatolika - kuba njalo esontweni lendawo, okuyinto iholwa umbhishobhi. KumaKatolika, kuyadingeka ukuxhumana iSonto LamaRoma Katolika.
• Amakholwa angama-Orthodox uMoya oNgcwele ophuma kuBaba kuphela. AmaKatolika - kusukela uBaba neNdodana.
• Ngo-Orthodox ahlukanise kungenzeka. AmaKatolika zivinjelwe.
• Ngo-Orthodox, ayikho into efana esihlanzweni. Lokhu umbhedesho wamemezela amaKatolika.
• Orthodox ukuqaphela ubungcwele uMariya, kodwa waphika wakhe Immaculate Conception. AmaKatolika babe ezinika eNcasakazini uMariya wabeletha njengawo uJesu.
• Amakholwa angama-Orthodox abe isiko eladabuka waseByzantium. Ngo ubuKatolika, kukhona inala kubo.

isiphetho

Naphezu kwezingqinamba umehluko, iSonto LamaRoma Katolika namanje udade ngokholo Orthodox. Ukungaboni ngaso linye esikhathini esidlule elihlanganyelwa maKrestu, futhi zizenza izitha ebabayo, kodwa lokhu akufanele luzoqhubeka namhlanje.