Indlela yokusebenzisa i-theodolite? Idivayisi of eliphakeme futhi ukulungiswa we theodolite

Ikhwalithi ukwakhiwa into kunqunywa ngokuvumelana nezimfuno ehlukahlukene. Uhlu lwezinto ezidingekayo ukusebenza luhlolo Isazi avele: .. Ukwakheka impahla, uxhumano nokwethenjelwa, ukulandelwa kwezilinganiso ukuphepha ukwakhiwa, njll kubhekwa ngokwehlukana futhi kukhishwe emigqeni weJiyomethri, okuyinto Kwakuseshwa umsebenzi ukufakwa. Ukuze ugweme amaphutha kanye ngeziphambeko isakhiwo kudivayisi imiklamo, onjiniyela usebenzise theodolite. Idivayisi wokulinganisa elikuvumela ukuba uhlole ngokunemba ukwakha engeli thwi kanye nendawo. Idivayisi Nokho yidivayisi encane, umsebenzi kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutshekwe nomsebenzi wokwakha kufanele ukubhekana umbuzo kanjani ukusebenzisa theodolite ukuthola imiphumela olunembile kakhulu.

I theodolite kudivayisi

umklamo Classical luyinhlanganisela tube emehlweni kanye Racks ukuthi uyibambe. lezi izilungiselelo kungaba kwenziwe ngezindlela ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi imodeli - umbono ekhethekile kuhlinzekelwe ukulawula isiqondiso. Leli payipi ivumela ukulinganisa engela mpo kanye nokusebenza ovundlile yenziwa isondo abafanele, okuyinto yakhiwa esitho futhi alidade.

Ukusebenzisa yokusondeza yokukhanya Umdabuli angabhekwa ilitshe at amabanga amade kuwo. Futhi akusho ukuthi mishini kufanele zifakwe iphakethe eyisisekelo. Khulisa ekupha ithuluzi ngaphandle kokulahleka e ukunemba kungenzeka esebenzisa imishini ekhethekile optical. Ukuze kube lula ukubuka kwensimbi enikeziwe nge eyepiece kokuba izikali cross-division. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodeli geodetic ihlinzeka izindlela zokuvikeleka. Ikakhulu, i-line theodolite senzelwe nenkanuko edlulele endaweni eyodwa ungase ube bezinhlamvu ukuvimbela ubungozi ekushintsheni isikhundla.

Umgomo we operation ithuluzi

Ngokuvamile, ithuluzi umsebenzi kungenziwa kwachazwa ngokuthi i-analog of the classic yokululama umsebenzi futhi inclinometer. Kodwa kulokhu nzima "ukugxusha" ikuvumela ukwenza izenzo ezifanayo lokhu akwenze ngokunemba okukhulu nenduduzo. Konke okwenziwe zisekelwe izimiso izibalo weJiyomethri. idatha kokuqala etholwe avele ngesikhathi sokufaka ithuluzi ukufundwa. Empeleni, ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi ungaphakathi elungile kulungiselelwa ithuluzi. Ngokulandelayo, isimiso isinyathelo theodolite incike ngohlobo lomshini - kungenzeka esiku-optical, isisetjenziswa se-elektroniki noma laser. Esimweni sokuqala, umsebenzisi kumele ngesandla ukusetha eziphathekako njengemigoqo inkomba amaphuzu tekubala. Uma usebenzisa i-imodeli electronic, iqanda uphawu kuzoqoshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngokuzayo Konke kuncike object lapho izibalo zenziwa. Futhi inikeza ulwazi imisebenzi edingekayo, futhi indaba izikhathi insimbi inikeza ulwazi mayelana amaphutha kanye ngeziphambeko. Manje-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela eminye ukwahluka ezivamile zedivayisi.

izinhlobonhlobo theodolites

Okuvame kakhulu theodolite optical, okuyinto Ilungiselelwe njengengxenye microscope, esihlinzeka ithuba zibukeke ukubona amaphutha. Ngokuya Ergonomics nokunemba yokukala iyona okungenani inketho evumayo, nakuba eshibhe. Umsebenzisi we ithuluzi ezifana kubikwe ngokuzimela ukunquma ngeziphambeko izindiza evundla mpo mayelana lezinto isethi. A Ububi onobuhle optical luncike izimo zangaphandle. Ngokwesibonelo, abahloli eziningi ezintsha uyazibuza mayelana nendlela ukusebenzisa theodolite, uma emini akwanele. Ingabe kuphela kwalokho ozikhethela izibuko ukuze azenze zikhanye. It kungabuye afakwa umzimba indiza, kodwa noma kunjalo kubalulekile nginazo.

onobuhle Electronic anemisila izinzwa ufunde kobufakazi izilinganiso futhi adlulisele ukuba isibonisi. Okungukuthi, umsebenzisi akudingeki ukubheka kwesikrini futhi ngokuzimela ukubala Ukufundwa optical. Nokho, onobuhle ezifana nozwelo ukucindezeleka awayindwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, e imisebenzi ephathekayo ukuqeda ingozi yokulimala nemivimbo ukusiza umugqa theodolite alidade kanye tripod. Kulokhu, awukwazi ukuthatha ithuluzi kwesibonakude. Njengoba for izinguqulo laser, zingabantu isethi engezansi isisetjenziswa se-elektroniki. Ngalokhu-apharathasi umehluko akunakubangelwa esinembile laser checkpointing.

Ukuqinisekisa isiyingi ezingeni theodolite

Ngokuvamile ukusebenza theodolite edingekayo nokubuya ezingeni yokuqinisekisa kanye reticle. Esimweni sokuqala, Samandla wenziwa ukuqinisekisa impindamqondo ka-eksisi amabili - kusukela wathi yokululama isiyingi insimbi kanye nezinga endizeni ngokushintshana. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Samandla futhi ukulungiswa we theodolite njalo kwenziwe ngosizo nabalawuli ekhethekile. Kulokhu, lo Samandla ezalethwa balawula nezikulufi ephakamisa okukuvumela bubble ngesikhathi zero iphuzu. Ngo parallel lo msebenzi, isikhundla bobabili we ezimbili zilandelwa target izimbazo.

Ihlola anezikhala imicu

Endabeni injongo reticle kucinisekisa perpendicularity we unhlangothi ovundlile. Kulokhu, ibha mpo kufanele uhambe ngokulinganisa ngenhlonipho ezingeni eksisi ujikeleza. Ukuqinisekisa imigqa mpo wenziwa esebenzisa yomthofu wokumisa, imiswe 25 m ezingeni. Ngokwe leveler isiyingi kuyadingeka ukuletha eksisi endaweni eyehlelayo. Okulandelayo yisona inhlanganisela izimbazo ezimbili ngokuhambisana Samandla. Ngokuphathelene ovundlile kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndlela kuqinisekiswa umenzi. Nokho, kwezinye tinkhulumo, ukuqinisekisa futhi ukulungiswa we theodolite ezingase zithathwe ngokushintsha imvume eziyinkimbinkimbi emigodini ye kokungathembeki ngezikulufo. abahloli abanolwazi Ungashintsha isikhundla izimbazo, uma lokhu kungenzeka inikezelwe ukwakhiwa.

ithuluzi Ukulungiswa

Le nqubo wenziwa ukuqeda lokuchezuka kubangelwa olungalungile mechanical kulungiselelwa ithuluzi yesifunda. Ngokwesibonelo, isizathu umkhiqizo Samandla yalolu hlobo kungenziwa kahle ezilungisiwe cylindrical theodolite ezingeni lapho alidade libonisa engamukeleki bubble ukunyakaza. Ukulungisa isiqondiso ngokwayo inikeza nezikulufi ngasocansini, okuyinto yena, ulungise kwemigomo alidade ukuze umbuthano ovundlile iba ukufundwa ne ukubala lesifanele.

Nesilinganiso engela

Ngesikhathi amaphuzu lapho kuhlelwe ukwakhiwa kwebhilidi izakhiwo, kubalulekile ukuhlinzekela luhlaka yesikhashana. Ukusebenzisa theodolite komunye isethi ekhethiwe amaphuzu iqondiswe eyepiece design ukuze uyiswe elingenalutho njengeqanda. Ukuze ekuqaleni inikeza ukufundwa lesifanele, kufanele ucabangele indlela ukusebenzisa theodolite ku ezimazombezombe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa kusengaphambili kwasekuqaleni esisekelweni esiqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imilenze phansi ukwesekwa ziyasetshenziswa, kubuye kube efiselekayo ukwenza nenkanuko edlulele ezengeziwe.

Ungabese uqhubeke ukubala engeli. Maqondana ne-esizoqala kuso ukubala isikhundla ezikhethiwe kusuka yiziphi izibalo okwengeziwe zizokwenziwa. Kungaba engela mpo, futhi kubalwa ovundlile. Scale nge izixhumanisi bazocula izilinganiso ngemajini elincane iphutha. Endabeni imodeli izibalo electronic wenziwa imizuzwana embalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

abakhiqizi theodolites

Lokhu ingxenye kungenziwa kwachazwa ngokuthi ezikhethekile kakhulu futhi yakhelwe design professional. Ngakho, izinkampani kule niche imelelwa kancane. Ngokwesiko, eliphezulu yokulinganisa imishini for embonini yezokwakha ukhiqiza ADA niqinile, emgqeni lapho ungathola izibonelo imisebenzi ehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuqondile wanakekela mpo kwelivi ulayini ADA okumile. Ifanele jikelele ukusetshenziswa theodolite Vega Teo, ukuthi ezikabani izici khona ekhombisa emibili enikeza idatha ebalisisiwe ngokunemba high. Nokho, ne Ergonomics futhi ukusebenza imishini kuyodingeka bakhokhe imali eningi - ruble ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 50-60 ..

isiphetho

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi i-standard isethi izikwele amadivayisi Self-yokululama zingaxazululwa ngokuphelele inkinga ka okuklama. Kodwa njengoba lo yinkimbinkimbi ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa nezimfuno ezikhula ukunemba Ubukhulu yejeyomethri. Ngakho-ke, imibuzo mayelana nendlela ukusebenzisa theodolite kanye zobuchwepheshe yayo izinsika, Ziyanda izingane ezisebenzisa. Akuseyona ngokwanele ukuba babe namakhono eziyisisekelo yokusingatha ngezinga optical. Ukuze ukusebenzisa kahle yedijithali kanye laser sokulinganisa zomculo kufanele futhi uqaphele sokuhlolwa kanye ukulungiswa. Isilawuli Samandla, ebheka ukunemba izilinganiso, inikeza izilungiselelo ukusebenza okuhlobene we mechanical ingxenye nensimbi yomculo yokukhanya. Esikhathini esizayo, okwandisa yinkimbinkimbi design kanye nokusebenza kubonakala ngokukhula izinga wokwakha, ngakho ukusetshenziswa theodolites yesimanje ngokwabo kwakufaneleka ngokugcwele.