Capital zokulungisa efulethini izindlu: ukukhokha noma cha? Ukukala kulungiswe emafulethini

Irisidi yokukhokha Umbuso ethunyelwe izakhamuzi zaseRussia, kukhona umugqa - "kulungiswe". Yiziphi izizathu esemthethweni ekwenzeni ukuba idokhumenti yokukhokha abafanele? Yini izakhiwo banesibopho ukuqoqwa izimali sezimali kusukela izakhamuzi ngalezi zinjongo, kanye ngokoqobo kulungiswe?

Ingabe kufanele ngikhokhele ukuze kulungiswe ezinkulu?

Yebo, ngokuhambisana nomthetho isiRashiya, ngempela. izinguquko ezifanele nemithetho ziye yethulwa ngo 2014. abanikazi Aphathimenti ukuth ukukhokha ukheshi ubungako besipho, okuyinto kunqunywa yamanani evunywe izishayamthetho tesifundvo ethile Russian Federation ziyakuhlushwa ibalwa okusekelwe indawo yokuhlala izakhiwo. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana nenani esabekwa iziphathimandla, iyanda ngenani square metres kwezindlu.

Ngakho, uma singase awakhathazeki umbuzo ophathelene izenzakalo ezifana kulungiswe emafulethini (ikhokhwe noma cha), thina waphendula. iminikelo afanayo ukwenza okudingayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Ikhodi Ezezindlu unamalungiselelo ngaphansi okuyinto abanikazi amafulethi nokulondoloza ilungelo impahla nezimali. Uma isakhamuzi uthengisa zokuhlala awalicebayo neminikelo ukulungisa, ilungelo lokusebenzisa amafa ahlobene idluliselwa kumthengi.

Capital zokulungisa izakhiwo zokuhlala: ulwazi olujwayelekile

Kukhona izikimu ezimbili eziyisisekelo, kulungiswe ngaphansi okuyinto okungenzeka emafulethini. Umthetho eqala ukuthi ngokomthetho okulingana - kuba kukhethwa izakhamuzi.

Isikimu lokuqala - usebenzisa izinsizakalo ezikhethekile izimali lesifunda - izikhungo e isimo NGO. Esesibili - ukudalwa i-akhawunti ehlukile okuyinto bayozibuthela izimali lokufeza ukulungiswa ezinkulu.

Esimweni sokuqala, imigomo kanye nenqubo ye-ukulungisa alotshwe isimiso esikhethekile lesifunda. Esikhathini Kwesesibili, umthombo nakho kubalulekile, kodwa izakhamuzi ezisendaweni engaphansi emiselwe kungenzeka ulungise izimo ezifanele sokwenza umsebenzi edingekayo.

Ngokuvamile, indlu ngayinye has a ukuphila isevisi ngokuhambisana nemithetho. Uma ngesikhathi lapho isakhiwo ngokuhambisana nenqubomgomo waphawula kufanele lilungiswe, izakhamuzi musa ukudala i-akhawunti ekhethekile, kuwela ngaphansi endaweni ethile ye-opharetha lesifunda.

Izindleko for the ukukhanda isitokwe izindlu kumasipala uzalela igunya efanele yendawo. Iminikelo ukulungisa yomnikazi kwenza. Kulokhu, uMasipala. Kodwa kule zangasese zokuhlala efulethini Isikhwama lesi sibopho isezandleni abanikazi amafulethi.

Kuphi uzokwethula wonke amarisidi

Indlela abanikazi izothunyelwa ku kokuthola yokukhokha kulungiswe, kuye ngokuthi ukhetho akhethiwe imali ekuqongeleleni. nomthetho wabo inikeza, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, ezimbili: e-akhawunti ehlukile noma ku-akhawunti we-opharetha lesifunda. Esimweni sokuqala, irisidi ngokuvamile ithumela HOA, in the yesibili - zikahulumeni esebenzelana nabaseBhabhiloni kulungiswe emafulethini. Uma isakhiwo sokuhlala iphethwe yinkampani ukuphathwa, isibopho okuhambisanayo ukuletha akhawunti yezakhamuzi eyabelwe yona.

izinsuku kulungiswe

Inqubo dolobha zokulungisa emafulethini, uma umthetho wenziwa phakathi komkhawulo isikhathi ezincike, okokuqala, ku kwesikhathi reserve sesondlo izakhi ezithile ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo yokuhlala, futhi okwesibili, indlela yokwakha inhloko-dolobha okuhambisanayo.

Uma imali aqoqana opharetha lesifunda, kulungiswe wenziwa ngokuvumelana uhlelo sivunyiwe. Njengoba ojwayelekile, ngokuyinhloko endlini lilungisiwe, ngezinga elithile enkulu zokuguga. Ngokuphathelene isimo lapho Isikhwama yemali dolobha zokulungisa emafulethini e kwelifa loonyana HOA, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi esikhathini esibekwe hlelo lesifunda, libhekisela esikhathini esizayo, lapho umsebenzi ofanele noma kunjalo, kumele kwenziwe. Kulindeleke, Ngakho-ke, ukuthi HOA uzokwazi nokuqalisa ngokushesha ngisho kunalokho wayengenza isimo sasekhaya sibe opharetha lesifunda kubo.

Uma izimpikiswano ezihilelekile kule somphakathi kulungiswe, isici esibalulekile ukwakheka ukulandelana izindlu ukuze kulungiswe - lena isiyalo nokukhokhwa abanikazi efulethini. Uma izakhamuzi akuzona zasizakala kakhulu lokukhokha ezifike ngesikhathi Umbuso izikweletu, kungangena isikhathi dolobha ukulungiswa emizini yabo. Kodwa uma ukugqoka isakhiwo yokuhlala ngokusobala okwenza kube nzima ukuqhuba ke kungakhathaliseki ukubaluleka izikweletu ku Umbuso izikweletu ukulungiswa kungaba kwenziwe kuleso sikhungo ngesikhathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungenzeka.

Siza kusukela isabelomali isimo

Kungakhathaliseki ifomu capital inqwaba, iqondiswe ukukhanda, usizo ukuze izakhamuzi, ukuze uthumele izimali wokugcinwa endlini, anganikeza isimo. Ngakho, ngo-izabelomali izifunda eziningi kuhlanganisa izimali offset Ngamanani elihambisana 50-100%, kuncike esigabeni nomphakathi we yisakhamuzi.

Ngokucacile opharetha lesifunda

Ake sicabangele imininingwane yalolu opharetha kakhulu zesifunda, okuyinto sishilo ngenhla. Yiziphi kulezi zikhungo? Ezimweni eziningi, inhlangano engenzi-nzuzo, run by amandla wezokuphatha esifundeni, okuyinto unomthwalo enifeza dolobha zokulungisa emafulethini. Ngokuvamile, isakhiwo sikahulumeni, liqine opharetha lesifunda ebizwa ngokuthi INkonzo HCS noma enye indlela efanayo.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-opharetha embuzweni, - GCWELE ENGAMELA izinqubo ezifana ezinkulu ekhaya ukulungiswa, ezisukela ukuthumela namarisidi izakhamuzi kanye kokuphothula umsebenzi wokwakha izinqubo ukwamukelwa elihlobene ne-ilungiselelo lesi sakhiwo. umthwalo lwezezimali imisebenzi lezi zakhiwo ngokuvamile has uhulumeni we Federation.

Imisebenzi ka-opharetha lesifunda okuthathwa njengokumele kube sicacile: isibonelo, ulwazi sibonakalisa imiphumela imisebenzi zalezi zinhlangano zikhuthaza ngokuvamile posted kwamanye amasayithi. Wonke umnikazi, kanjalo uzokwazi ukubona kanjani senyukela Isikhwama yemali ukulungiswa enkulu efulethini izindlu yokuthi yena ngokwakhe njalo olusha, ngijwayele uhlu imisebenzi okumele wenziwe ekhaya, noma ulwazi ukusebenza osonkontileka.

obala ezinjalo umsebenzi opharetha lesifunda exhunywe ne isifiso iziphathimandla ukwandisa ukwethenjwa izakhamuzi. Ukuze akekho ukubuza imibuzo mayelana ukuziphatha, ukuthi akhokhe dolobha zokulungisa efulethini izindlu noma cha kumasevisi abafanele. Abantu kudingeka ziqonde ukuthi opharetha - ke isakhiwo esitebeleni, futhi ngeke kude hamba nge lemali ikhokhwe.

Ngokucacile izinhlelo zesifunda

Yiziphi izici izinhlelo zesifunda, owawuthi NGOs obhekene ekufezeni dolobha zokulungisa izakhiwo zokuhlala, nokuqalisa izinqubo ezifanele?

Empeleni, kukhona uhlu emafulethini eyakhelwe endabeni umfelandawonye, futhi baqaphele isidingo sabo lilungiswe ophahleni, olungaphambili lwesonto, izisekelo, nezinye izinto ezibonisa izimpawu zokuguga. Uhlelo akubandakanyi endlini, waqaphela njengoba eziphuthumayo, kanye nezakhiwo ukuthi awanalo e oyiyo izakhi komhiaba ezivamile.

Uphiko ebaluleke kakhulu yesimiso, kulungiswe lelawula emafulethini - lwesikhathi umsebenzi ofanele. Kumiswa It is ngesisekelo ezahlukahlukene ezifana degree of Ukuwohloka izakhiwo, nesikhathi sokuphila kwawo, futhi kwezinye izimo - usayizi esikweletini zezakhamizi zibe ezibalulekile emphakathini, njengoba sibonile ngenhla.

Yeka indlela ukukhetha ekuqongeleleni dolobha?

Ngakho, safunda ukuthi kunezindlela ezimbili ekuqongeleleni dolobha, okungase esichithwa ukulungiswa enkulu amakhaya yokuhlala yilezi: ngokusebenzisa opharetha zezifunda noma i-HOA noma ngosizo inkampani ukuphathwa. Ngayiphi indlela kungcono? Mhlawumbe, phakathi kwabo futhi akazange enze umehluko kakhulu?

Inzuzo main ukwelashwa ku-opharetha lesifunda - isikhathi kokulondoloza. Izakhamizi ngeke ukuchitha isikhathi imicikilisho exhunywe ngesinqumo izindaba zezimali kanye nezinye yenhlangano eziphathelene ukuqaliswa yomthetho phezu ukuziphatha ukulungiswa ezinkulu Izakhiwo zokuhlala. Usizo lumahhala NGO afanele. Nokho, lesi sakhiwo libhekene kubonakala ngokucacile ukuthi umsebenzi - ukulungiswa ezinkulu kungaba kwenziwe ngesikhathi walungiselela isimiso lesifunda kuphela, njengoba sibonile ngenhla.

Ngakho-ke, uma abaqashi Bathembele bakwazi ukufeza kulungiswe indlu ayikho schedule, futhi uma kudingekile, badinga ukuqala kuvulwa i-akhawunti ekhethekile, okuyinto bayozibuthela izimali ezidingekayo. Yiqiniso, kulesi simo, kuyodingeka ukuchitha isikhathi ukuxazulula inani elikhulu ezindabeni zokuhlelwa komsebenzi. Nokho, isakhiwo se-HOA, njengoba umthetho, banekhono ukuxazulula enjalo nobunzima abantu. Yiqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzovuma ukwenza umsebenzi mahhala, kodwa umphumela kulindeleke Izakhamizi ngokuvamile bathethelele izindleko ezihlobene. Ngakho-ke, Esimeni esinjalo ngempela engamukeleki abanikazi abaningi izobanjelwa njalo ukulungisa of emafulethini. Khokha noma cha abasebenzi HOA, futhi uma kunjalo, kanjani - ezidingidwa yifayela emihlanganweni efanele.

Ngakho, senza uhlu izinzuzo eyinhloko ukhetho imali ophethe opharetha zesifunda:

• isakhiwo okuhambisanayo ukuzixazulula wonke amalungiselelo adingekayo;
• imisebenzi opharetha zesifunda awekho ngaphansi yokukhokha;
• inhlobo efanele NGO kufanele kube obala ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo.

Ububi main kwalesi sikhwama: isikhathi kulungiswe langempela zingahluka kusuka labo abafiselekayo kubanikazi ezindlini.

Cabanga ngezinzuzo eyinhloko ukuvula ama-akhawunti abo ukuphatha izimali ukuze kulungiswe:

• Ungasetha nemigomo emayelana oda imisebenzi ezidingekayo futhi azuze ezinkonzweni;
• ingakhethwa ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nezinkontileka esihle kakhulu;
• kungenzeka ukuba afeze nezimo isiqondiso amanani ngenxa izimali ukulungisa.

I ethile eyinhloko leliqhinga: kuthatha isikhathi inhlangano nokuxhumana HOA nosonkontileka ehlukahlukene abengamele. Kodwa, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, kule nokwakheka abanikazi ngokuvamile izakhamuzi mathupha abakulungele neqhaza ikhambi nezindaba ezifanele.

Kanjani ukuhlela ukuphathwa imali izimele?

Kungenzeka ukuthi izakhamuzi anqume ukukwenza bebodwa, ngaphandle asebenzise izinkonzo opharetha lesifunda. Ngakho, izimali dolobha zokulungisa emafulethini uzobe ngokugcwele iphethwe yi- izakhamuzi ngokwabo. Ngingayithola kanjani ukuhlela self-ukuphathwa ngokuya ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezihlobene kulungiswe?

Okokuqala, endlini okufanele asebenze HOA. Kulokhu, ingaba isakhiwo yokuhlala ethile kuphela. Uma imizi embalwa eyayisele, kucatshangwa ukuthi inani eliphelele amafulethi bengekho ngaphezu kwama-30, uma ukubekwa kwabo kwisayithi efanayo.

Semhlangano abanikazi liyakushunyayelwa kunqunywa ubukhulu yokukhokha esihambisanayo dolobha ukulungiswa icala efulethini ngamunye. Inani layo ubuncane asikwazi ukuba ngaphansi kwesilinganiso asethwe izenzo zesifunda ngokomthetho elawula sphere kwezindlu kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi. Ukulungisa - kuyinto, empeleni iqoqo izinkonzo ezenziwa izinkampani zokwakha. Kuyadingeka ukuba zamukele uhlu amasevisi afanele. Kulokhu, akufanele kuwumsebenzi esingaphansi elicacisiwe hlelo lesifunda. Izakhamizi futhi kudingeka anqume ku isikhathi kulungiswe. Zingase ngeke lube ngemuva kosuku kuleyo enqunywe hlelo lesifunda.

Abanikazi Futhi unganquma ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa ukubaluleka izimali ukulungisa. Nokho, amagugu elihambisana kumele abe phakathi komkhawulo obekiwe ngumthetho. Izimali ukuthi sezivele eqoqwe for the ukulungisa, ngeke selishintshiwe ngaphandle eziningi amaphepha abalulekile, okuyi Amaminithi omhlangano jikelele lapho ajenda - lo kulungiswe nge usonkontileka, nesenzo ukwamukela umthetho olandelwayo sokugcina, okutshengisa umsebenzi owawenziwa.

Inani izinkokhelo

Ngenhla sibonile ukuthi izinkomba ezibalulekile, okuyinto akhiwa ngesisekelo izindleko ubunikazi elihlobene ne kumiswa isikhwama sezimali ezifanele - ngesilinganiso dolobha zokulungisa emafulethini, evunyiwe esifundeni, indawo zokuhlala, kanye ukubaluleka isinxephezelo bezindleko yezakhamuzi kusukela isabelomali isimo.

Eyokuqala ingxenye "ifomula" wenzeka kanjani kunqunywa iziphathimandla lesifunda. Ngokwesibonelo, asethwe Rostov esifundeni yokugibela kulungiswe emafulethini kuyinto ruble 6,60. sq ngayinye. m. Isibalo okuhambisanayo ezilotshwe ngesinqumo uhulumeni lesifunda. Esikhathini Voronezh esifundeni ezinye izibalo, okuyinto kubalwa ngesisekelo iminikelo dolobha zokulungisa emafulethini, eMoscow unelungelo ukumisa okwabo siqu.

Izinga Kubalwa ngaphambi ukwamukelwa nguhulumeni lesifunda esekelwe indlela, olwakhiwa Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation, okungukuthi, ezingeni sikahulumeni. Kusolwa ukuthi ubukhulu iminikelo efanele ngeke ibalwe ngesisekelo ukuhlolwa Inhloso isamba imali kudingeka ukukhokhela imisebenzi kanye nezinsizakalo engase ozokwenziwa ukuze alethe isilinganiso isakhiwo yokuhlala ukuze ngemva kweminyaka operation okuqhubekayo.

ngokwehluleka ukuhambisana nezimfuneko we unswinyo umthetho

Ingabe ikhona unswinyo uma isakhamuzi enquma akafuni ukuba unikele ukukhanda emafulethini? Khokha noma cha ngoba - umbuzo angenalungelo inikezwe. Yebo, zikhona izinhlawulo. Izinkokhelo okukhulunywa zinikezwa umthetho kahulumeni. Uma umuntu futhi ngiyobabuyisa ngokuncenga kwabo, kuba - isizathu esizwakalayo ukwakheka izikweletu kanye accrual okwalandela yenhlawulo uma yokungakhokhi. Mayelana efanayo njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni yokwenqaba ukwedlulisela izimali nezinye izinkonzo zomphakathi. Uma isakhamuzi uyenqaba ngokuyinhloko ukwenza amanani ezifanele kanye izinkokhelo eziphathelene izinkokhelo sekwephuzile, izimali kungase wasimama kuye yinkantolo.

Ubani olawula inzuzo izimali?

Uma abanikazi sinqume ukuthi ukunikeza sekhono ezihlobene ukuqaliswa kwe-kulungiswe, opharetha zesifunda, abayoba afeze ukulawula imali nezindleko ezihlobene? Ngenhla sibonile ukuthi isibopho esiphelele sezimali ukuze uthole ukusebenza kohlelo NCB efanele has uhulumeni lesifunda kaningi.

Engeziwe imali isivikelo esithile - e izithiyo cashing zabo off opharetha lesifunda. Ngakho, nokukhokhwa dolobha ukulungiswa elingaphansi kwesakhiwo sokuhlala osonkontileka izobanjelwa yibhange kuphela uma i-NGO obhekene ukulungiswa ezinkulu, ukunikeza umthetho olandelwayo, okubonisa imininingwane umhlangano ukulungisa, kanye inkontileka okuhlinzeka amasevisi akhona lafanele kanye ne isenzo ukwamukelwa. Futhi uzodinga protocol yokugcina eziphathelene ukwamukelwa umsebenzi owenziwa inkontileka. Izimfuneko esifanayo, by the way, siye engenhla, echaza imininingwane wokuphathwa kwezimali ukuze ukulungisa yi HOA.

opharetha Regional aphoqelelwe ukuba bathumele imininingwane mayelana nomsebenzi wabo, iziphathimandla kwezibalo e Federal Tax Service kanye nezinye izikhungo, uma kudingwa umthetho. Kwezinye izifunda, evunywe izenzo zomthetho ukuze umqhubi zesifunda kufanele inyanga ngayinye ukuthumela e ukuhlolwa izindlu izinombolo imali kwakho kokubili lokho okuqokelekile ukuze kulungiswe enkulu. Lolu lwazi futhi ukuhlangabezana futhi izakhamuzi - ngokusebenzisa isayithi.

Umsebenzi NGO ezakhiwe ohulumeni izifunda Russian is akulindelekile ukuba ngqo iqhaza njengoba izikhonzi ubudlelwane wezomthetho ngabanye ezizimele. Zonke izivumelwano lisayinwe inhlangano esemthethweni, bayolandisa isihloko amandla. Ifanele izakhiwo zokubusa ezindaweni ukwakha amabhodi Labaphathiswa eliholwa izikhulu - isibonelo, lokhu kungaba yiphini lenhloko lokuqala esifundeni. IBhodi labaGcinimafa ngesikhathi NCO ophethe kulungiswe, kungase kuhlanganise abameleli inyunyana izakhiwo, inhlangano zomthetho.